Alireza Mohammadzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Abstract
In late December, when the world faced a huge challenge called Corona New Virus-2019 (SARS- CoV-2), health systems faced lots of challenges. We are in Midway through or perhaps at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Infection with COVID-19 has completely disrupted nearly every aspect of daily life and is the focus of attention of almost all visual and written media. By the way, cardiovascular and cancer have been identified as risk factors for suffering from COVID-19 and death [1]. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the risk of COVID-19 as a preventive strategy. Besides, regarding health issues, staying at home is the best way to reduce the risk of being affected by COVID-19. On the other hand, patients with cancer and heart problems require regular supervision and visits. This causes conflict and anxiety for patients and makes them feel confused. Therefore, the best way to solve this conflict and prevent being affected with COVID-19; while continuing the monitoring and therapeutic adherence is using E-visits and E-service. According to the findings of Mohammadzadeh in 2019 using the E-visit was a good way to monitor the pharmacy and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection [2]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. Although most patients have mild symptoms and good prognosis after infection, some patients with cancer and heart diseases have developed severe and died from multiple organ complications. Social distancing is the best way for the prevention of COVID-19, therefore to support the social distance and continuing therapeutic adherence, the use of cyberspace and E-visit are recommended.
For more information refer to http://ijnv.ir/article-1- 695-fa.html
Zahra Sheikhi-Mobarakeh, Mohammad Mostafa Ansari Ramandi, Hossein Yarmohammadi, Amirhossein Rooddehghan, Ghazaleh Heydarirad,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Lymphedema is one of the most disturbing complications of breast cancer treatment and some routine medical procedures such as blood pressure (BP) monitoring or injections have been reported to be the major risk factors for lymphedema. This systematic review aimed to shed light on the safety of some medical procedures among breast cancer survivors with and without lymphedema.
Methods: An electronic systematic search in Pubmed and Scopus was undertaken from 1 January 1992 to 12 May 2020 and all relevant studies were summarized in a table based on the PRISMA guideline.
Results: Twenty-three articles were included from which 11 and 8 articles were prospective and retrospective original studies, respectively. The remaining 4 articles were case reports. BP measurement, injections, blood draw, and hand surgeries were the medical procedures of interest. Most of the included studies have reported that these medical procedures did not result in lymphedema initiation or worsening in breast cancer survivors; however, case reports of the harmful effects of these procedures were also included in this systematic search.
Conclusions: Although recent well-designed prospective studies did not show any significant side effects from medical procedures in breast cancer survivors, concerns exist for both healthcare staff and patients. Additionally, it seems that there are specific aspects that have not been investigated properly in previous studies and should be considered in future studies.
Melike Demir Dogan, Ebru Karamanli, Hediye Simsek, Tugce Polat, Muhammed Mucahit Yilmaz,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed at determining the effect of social media on breast cancer knowledge and health behaviors of the women.
Methods: The data were collected from 476 women who had willing to participate in the study, using Google forms on social media from February to May 2018.
Results: The results indicated that the time spent on social media decreased, and self- efficacy and health motivation increased by age. The total scores of health beliefs in the subjects believing that social media raised their awareness of breast cancer were higher compared to the ones who did not. The results also showed that the perceived benefit and self-efficacy levels of the subjects increased, and their perceived barrier levels decreased as their breast cancer knowledge increased.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the total scores of health belief of the subjects believing in the role of social media in raising awareness about breast cancer were high, and as their knowledge of breast cancer increased, their perceived benefit and self- efficacy levels increased, and their perceived barrier levels decreased.
Solmaz Sohrabei, Raheleh Salari, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Alirezaatashi Atashi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: one of the foremost usual methods for evaluating breast cancer is the removal of axillary lymph nodes (ALN) which include complications such as edema, limited hand movements, and lymph accumulation. Although studies have shown that the sentinel gland condition represents the axillary nodules context in the mammary gland, the efficacy, and safety of the guard node biopsy need to be evaluated. Subsequently, predicting axillary lymph node status before sentinel lymph node biopsy needs regular clinical data collection and would be supportive for oncologists and could keep the clinicians away from this strategy. Predictive modeling for lymph node statues may be one way to diminish the axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and consequences.
Methods: The database used in this study was provided by Clinical Research Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran. It contains clinical and demographic risk factors records of 5142 breast cancer patients from which a total of 38 features were selected. We performed modeling; based on six data mining algorithms (Decision Tree, Nave Bayesian, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Fast Large Margin, and Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT)). For evaluating the model, we used 10-fold cross-validation in Rapid Miner v9.7.001.
Results: The results showed that the GBT model has a higher ability to predict lymph node metastasis than other models with an receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of 97%, a sensitivity of 96.59%, an accuracy of 90%, and specificity of 81% Conclusions: Obviously, we have to diagnose cancer with a needle biopsy before surgery. Used data mining predictions and use of them to create a clinical decision support system for predicting cancer and lymph node statuses can help physicians and pathologists make the best decision for a patient's ALN surgery.
Abbas Ganjali, Barat Ali Fakheri, Abbas Bahari, Leila Fahmideh, Reza Valadan,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are considered among the most important causes of mortality and morbidity. Helicobacter pylori infection has been proven to be highly associated with the development of a variety of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and gastric cancer (GC). To date, the exact role of the virulence factors in gastric diseases and other diseases remains elusive and controversial.
Methods: The present study is a classic systematic review (expert opinion), in which articles published in English and Persian languages derived from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Iranian databases, including Magiran, IranMede, and scientific information database (SID) without any time limitation were explored using standardized keywords of H. pylori, virulence factors, gastric cancer, a combination of the above words, and other synonymous keywords. Finally, the information and obtained results were collected and interpreted.
Results: In total, 14 of the 172 articles reviewed had inclusion criteria with the approval of the responsible author. According to the results, the development of chronic bacterial inflammation due to pathogenic mechanisms and factors, especially the role of cagA and vacA genes in gastric cancer, remains an important medical problem.
Conclusions: Each of the H. pylori virulence factors can have a role in cancer development, and it appears that on-time H. pylori treatment is one of the best methods to prevent gastric cancer. Therefore, targeting Pathogenic factors of H. pylori to induce apoptosis and stimulate the immune system will be a promising, attractive, and helpful method for cancer prevention.
Berrak Mermit Erçek, Buket Mermit, Erbil Karaman,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (2-2024)
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading causes of death in cancer patients. VTE prophylaxis and/or treatment in the treatment and follow-up of cancer patients will reduce mortality and morbidity rates. Although the incidence of VTE in cancer patients is high, there is not yet a standardized protocol for the prevention of VTE in the subgroup of gynecological cancer patients. VTE prophylaxis and treatment vary according to the cancer type of the patients and the treatment approaches to be applied. In this review, it is aimed to explain the pathogenesis, risk factors and treatment approaches in VTE prophylaxis in gynecological oncology patients, taking into account international consensus reports. All reviewed guidelines recommended VTE prophylaxis for all hospitalized patients with active cancer. All guidelines agree that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) gives good results in VTE prophylaxis in patients diagnosed with gynecological cancer. Risk scoring has been recommended for outpatients after discharge, and current guidelines recommend direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) for the prevention of VTE in high-risk patients. Due to the high risk of bleeding in the gynecological cancer patient population, the side effects of pharmacological agents should be well considered and more attention should be paid to mechanical prophylactic methods.
Forough Heydari, Behrouz Motamedi Zadeh, Abbas Ganjali, Gholamreza Haghighi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (2-2024)
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment has often failed due to the increased biological resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Therefore, medicinal plants have become necessary to combat this bacteria. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial properties of psidium guava and focus on the effect of the properties of this plant on H. pylori infection to prevent gastric cancer. This study systematically followed the PRISMA guide and searched various international and national databases such as SciELO, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Ovid, SID, MediLib, IranDoc, and Cochrane. The search was conducted for articles published in Farsi and English from 2003 to 2023, covering two decades. The search was performed using Persian keywords such as "antibacterial activity," "Psidium guava," and "Helicobacter pylori", as well as their English equivalents and various combinations of these words. The articles were evaluated based on their relevance to the study's purpose without statistical analysis. Out of the 368 selected articles, only nine were deemed final. The results showed that most research was focused on the leaves and fruits of Psidium guava L (PGL). It can be stated that the essential oil of PGL leaves exhibits the most biological activity, and the compounds present in this plant make it a promising candidate for producing drugs with antibacterial activity. PGL plant extracts have appropriate antimicrobial substances that can be used as a pharmaceutical base or a suitable herbal medicine to fight against H. pylori, heal stomach ulcers, and ultimately prevent gastric cancer (GC).
Mohammad Kordkatouli, Seyed Abolghassem Mohammadi Bondarkhilli, Aryan Sateei, Audrius Dulskas,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (4-2024)
Abstract
The protective effects of dietary fiber are attributed to several mechanisms: it regulates bowel movements by increasing stool bulk and speeding up gastrointestinal transit, which minimizes the contact time between carcinogens and the intestinal lining, thus reducing cancer risk; it dilutes fecal carcinogens due to increased stool volume, lessening their interaction with the colonic epithelium; the fermentation of fiber by gut microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, which protect against cancer by serving as an energy source for colonocytes, maintaining mucosal integrity, and exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties; dietary fiber also modulates gut microbiota, encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria that can outcompete harmful, carcinogen-producing bacteria; it enhances immune function by influencing gut immune cells, aiding in the removal of cancer cells and preventing inflammation, a known cancer risk factor; fiber binds to bile acids, leading to their excretion and preventing the formation of more carcinogenic secondary bile acids implicated in colorectal cancer development; and SCFAs, particularly butyrate, affect cell proliferation and differentiation, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibiting the growth of neoplastic cells. Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds in Avena Sativa, display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities, modulating enzyme function, inhibiting cell growth, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Avenanthramides and other anti-inflammatory compounds in Avena Sativa modulate multiple inflammatory pathways, including inhibiting the activity of enzymes like COX-2 and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially lowering the risk of chronic inflammation-related cancers.
